PEROVSKITE 

The perovskite family of materials has a lot riding on its shoulders as researchers worldwide seek to unlock its potential towards a solar energy revolution. Angstrom Engineering® enables researchers and market innovators with equipment and know-how that brings them closer to their perovskite development goals.

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Applications

Applications

Overview

Josephson Junction

OLED

Thin Film Transistors

Space & Environmental

Perovskite

Thin Film Batteries

Optical Coatings

Thin Film Deposition for Organic Photovoltaics

Silicon is still the most popular active material for currently installed photovoltaic systems, but concerns over its environmental impact, its fabrication costs and its scalability have led researchers to seek out alternative high-performance materials, such as metal halide perovskites, to harness photonic energy.

The exceptional light absorption and charge transport properties of perovskites have made them an extremely attractive material for solar cell research and development.

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased from 9% in 2012 to over 25% in 2022 (over 31% for perovskite-silicon tandem cells)¹, making it the fastest-improving solar technology in history.

Innovating Perovskite Thin Film Devices

Source Options

We have experience with many groups working in perovskites, and have created systems from small, single-chambered thermal evaporators focusing on the metal contact layer, to multi-chamber robotic clusters that utilize experimental techniques and unique architectures.

Film Quality

Film quality is vital for each layer. Pulsed-DC sputtering provides the best quality films for the transparent electrode, which is most commonly indium tin oxide (ITO). The remaining layers rely on various techniques depending on the end-goal.

Sputtering

Sputtering can be used in the development of photoactive perovskite films with appropriate post-deposition treatment, yielding more intricate control over film quality as well as greater reproducibility.

HIPIMS sputtering can be a useful process for perovskite devices, as it allows for reactivity at lower temperatures, reducing damage to films.

Thermal Evaporation

Thermal evaporation can be used for electron transport, perovskite, hole transport, and electrode contact layers.

Additionally, your system could also accommodate a ‘bottom-up’ approach where the contact layer is deposited first, and the transparent transmission layers are deposited on top.

Explore our Perovskite Series® Systems.

The Angstrom Engineering® Advantage

We understand you could be approaching perovskite development from a unique angle. Our process specialists will work with you to determine how best to accomplish your development goals.
Pressure, Gas & Environmental Control

Every aspect of device fabrication can occur in situ. Layer deposition, reactive processes, spin/dip coating, annealing, characterization, and even encapsulation can occur within controlled environments using connected vacuum and glovebox modules.

If your work requires the use of reactive processes, such as the deposition of lead sulfide in the presence of a chemical precursor, the system’s mass flow controller (which is user regulated from Aeres®, Angstrom Engineering®‘s own process control software) allows for exact and precisely repeatable reactive gas control.

Masking Shutter & Stage Heating

Stage heating provides the option for both in situ and post-deposition annealing. Angstrom’s masking shutter provides the ability to partially mask the substrate holder, which allows the user to deposit different layers on different substrates within the same run. This feature allows the user to prepare unique samples without breaking the vacuum, eliminating the multitude of subtly changed conditions between runs.

You can then properly identify the impact of subtle film differences with confidence. 

Advanced Process Control Software

  • PC/PLC-controlled recipes for single, batch, or automated processes.
  • Advanced data logging and process tracking ensure consistent and repeatable processes.
  • High-resolution control provides impressive low-rate stability and consistent doping ratios.
  • The central control station manages each module and schedules the processes in each chamber.
  • Independent control of multiple chambers (if applicable).
  • Complex recipes can be created and modified easily.
  • Automatic PID control loop tuning significantly reduces process development time.
alt = A screenshot of Angstrom Engineering's AERES software on a monitor. The software is showing a detailed dashboard with charts, graphs, and data for monitoring and controlling thin film deposition processes. The layout has side navigation with equipment status icons and a central graph with real-time data. The interface is designed for precise control and analysis in advanced engineering applications for Angstrom Engineering’s systems.

Learn more about Aeres®.

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Dr. Peter Lomax
University of Edinburgh, UK

We have an Angstrom Engineering sputter platform, as well as an electron beam evaporation tool. The software has made both systems, which are used for a wide range of materials, simple to use. Furthermore, the ability for the Angstrom team to remotely connect to the software and platform has been particularly useful.  We have been very impressed with the level of communication from Angstrom Engineering, who have kept us informed at all stages of the design and delivery process, offering advice on facilities when needed. Service and support have also been excellent, with very rapid turnaround when ordering materials, which have arrived as quickly as our UK-based vendors.